Daily English Vocabulary – Lesson 2: Food and Drink

Level: B1  |  Everyday English

Vocabulary

At B1 level, discussing food goes beyond naming dishes or describing flavours. This lesson focuses on the vocabulary of food culture, ethics, and your relationship with eating — the language you need to engage with these topics critically and personally.
Flavour, texture and cooking
umami(noun)
A Japanese term for the fifth basic taste — a deep, savoury richness found in foods like aged cheese, mushrooms, and soy sauce.
"The umami in this miso broth comes from the fermented soybean paste."
pungent(adjective)
Having a strong, sharp smell or taste — can be pleasant or unpleasant depending on context.
"Blue cheese has a pungent flavour that not everyone enjoys."
fermented(adjective)
Describing food or drink that has undergone controlled bacterial or yeast activity, changing its flavour and preserving it.
"Fermented foods like kimchi and yoghurt are beneficial for gut health."
refined(adjective)
Processed to remove impurities; also used to describe tastes or eating habits that are sophisticated and discerning.
"She has quite refined tastes and prefers artisan produce to mass-market food."
indulgent(adjective)
Allowing yourself to enjoy something rich or pleasurable, often without restraint.
"We shared an indulgent dessert — dark chocolate mousse with salted caramel."
wholesome(adjective)
Naturally good for you in terms of nutrition and quality; plain and nourishing.
"She prefers wholesome, home-cooked meals to processed convenience food."
Food culture and eating habits
food miles(noun)
The distance food travels from where it is produced to where it is consumed, used as a measure of environmental impact.
"Buying local produce reduces food miles and supports nearby farmers."
seasonal eating(noun phrase)
The practice of eating foods naturally available at a particular time of year, rather than food imported from elsewhere.
"Seasonal eating means enjoying strawberries in summer rather than buying them in December."
foraging(noun/verb)
The practice of searching for and gathering wild food such as berries, mushrooms, or edible plants in natural environments.
"She goes foraging for wild garlic and nettles in the woods near her home."
mindful eating(noun phrase)
The practice of paying full attention to the experience of eating — taste, texture, and hunger cues — rather than eating distractedly.
"Mindful eating helped her recognise when she was full, which reduced overeating."
culinary(adjective)
Relating to cooking and the preparation of food.
"He trained at a prestigious culinary school in Lyon."
artisan(adjective)
Made in a traditional, skilled way by hand rather than through industrial processes.
"The market sells artisan bread baked fresh each morning."
Attitudes and relationship with food
comfort eating(noun phrase)
Eating food — often rich or sweet — in response to negative emotions rather than physical hunger.
"Comfort eating can become a problem when it is the only way you manage stress."
food intolerance(noun phrase)
A difficulty digesting certain foods that causes uncomfortable symptoms, but is not a serious immune response.
"She developed a food intolerance to gluten in her late twenties."
ethical(adjective)
Morally correct; in the context of food, relating to choices that consider animal welfare, environmental impact, and fair trade.
"He only buys ethical coffee that is certified as fair trade."
overconsumption(noun)
Eating or consuming more than is needed or beneficial.
"Overconsumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to a range of health problems."
moderation(noun)
The quality of avoiding extremes; eating a varied range of foods in reasonable amounts.
"The key to a healthy diet is moderation — no food needs to be completely forbidden."
intuitive eating(noun phrase)
An approach to eating that focuses on listening to your body's natural hunger and fullness signals rather than following rules or restrictions.
"Intuitive eating encourages you to eat what your body genuinely needs."

Listening Practice

Listen to the conversation. At B1 level, some questions ask about attitude and implied meaning, not just stated facts.

▶ Conversation
Interviewer: You work as a food writer, but you have been quite open about your complicated relationship with food. Can you tell us about that?
Layla: Yes. For most of my twenties, food was something I felt anxious about rather than genuinely enjoyed. I was very caught up in rules about what I should and should not eat.
Interviewer: What changed?
Layla: Becoming a food writer. When your job is to eat thoughtfully and describe what you are tasting, you start to appreciate food in a completely different way. You slow down. You pay attention.
Interviewer: So the work itself became a kind of mindful eating practice?
Layla: Exactly. And I became much more interested in where food comes from — the ethics of it, the environmental cost, the people who produce it. That shifted my focus from restriction to curiosity.
Interviewer: Do you think there is a tension between being a food writer and eating ethically? You must encounter a lot of indulgent food.
Layla: There is, yes. But I think moderation is more useful than abstinence. I eat indulgent food, but I try to make thoughtful choices most of the time — buying seasonal, local produce, supporting artisan producers.
Interviewer: You write a lot about culinary traditions from different cultures. What draws you to that?
Layla: The stories behind the food. Every dish carries a history. When I understand why a cuisine developed the way it did, the food tastes different to me. More meaningful.
Interviewer: Do you still experience comfort eating?
Layla: Of course. But I have learned to distinguish between eating because I am genuinely hungry and eating to manage an emotion. That awareness changes your relationship with it.
This lesson uses your browser’s built-in text-to-speech. The voice may vary depending on your device.

Answer the questions.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer. Options are close in meaning — read carefully.

Matching

Match each word or phrase to its definition.

Gap Fill

Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

Sentence Transformation

Rewrite each sentence using the word given. Do not change the meaning.

Error Identification

Each sentence contains one error, or no error at all. Click the word you think is wrong and select the reason.

Paragraph Gap Fill

Read the extract and choose the correct word or phrase for each gap.

Your Scores

0 / 0

Total score across all exercises